How to Manage Packages with APT on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS
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APT often known as Superior Packaging Software is the command-line instrument for managing packages in Debian-based distributions like Ubuntu 16.04, Ubuntu 18.04, Debian 8, Debian 9 and far more. APT simplifies the method of putting in, eradicating, upgrading packages and even used to improve all the working system by way of the Command Line Interface

On this tutorial, we are going to clarify how one can handle packages utilizing APT command line instrument on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS server.

Necessities

  • A server operating Ubuntu 18.04 LTS.
  • A root or sudo entry on the server.

All instructions under are run as root person. Both log in as root person on the shell or run:

sudo -s

to turn out to be the foundation person. Instead, you’ll be able to prepend ‘sudo ‘ to all instructions.

Set up and Replace Packages

Apt-get works by acquiring info from totally different sources and saved in a neighborhood database. The replace command fetched the packages from their areas and replace the packages to a newer model.

apt-get replace -y

After operating the above command, your database must be up-to-date.

The improve command is used to improve all of the at the moment put in software program packages to the newer model.

apt-get improve -y

You can too use dist-upgrade command to improve the packages, however it modifications package deal dependencies with a wise battle decision technique.

apt-get dist-upgrade -y

As soon as your database is up to date, you’ll be able to set up any packages by operating the next command:

apt-get set up package1 package2

For instance, you’ll be able to set up Nginx net server package deal by operating the next command:

apt-get set up nginx

If you wish to obtain solely package deal file however not set up it, you’ll be able to run the next command:

apt-get set up -d package1

The above command will obtain the package deal file in /var/cache/apt/archives listing.

To reinstall any package deal with the newer model run the next command:

apt-get set up package1 --reinstall

Take away a Bundle with Apt

To take away a package deal out of your system merely run the next command:

apt-get take away package1

The above command will solely take away the package deal however preserve the configuration file.

To take away the package deal with configuration file with the next command:

apt-get purge package1

You can too take away all undesirable packages and clear the database with the next command:

apt-get autoremove
apt-get clear

Search Bundle with Apt-Cache

The command apt-cache is used to seek for software program packages.

To search out the package deal by its description, run the next command:

apt-cache search proftpd

It is best to see the next output:

resource-agents - Cluster Useful resource Brokers
 fail2ban - ban hosts that trigger a number of authentication errors
 ftpd - File Switch Protocol (FTP) server
 gadmin-proftpd - GTK+ configuration instrument for proftpd
 gadmin-proftpd-dbg - GTK+ configuration instrument for proftpd debug package deal
 gadmintools - GTK+ server administration instruments (meta-package)
 proftpd-basic - Versatile, virtual-hosting FTP daemon - binaries
 proftpd-dev - Versatile, virtual-hosting FTP daemon - improvement information
 proftpd-doc - Versatile, virtual-hosting FTP daemon - documentation
 proftpd-mod-autohost - ProFTPD module mod_autohost
 proftpd-mod-case - ProFTPD module mod_case
 proftpd-mod-clamav - ProFTPD module mod_clamav
 proftpd-mod-dnsbl - ProFTPD module mod_dnsbl
 proftpd-mod-fsync - ProFTPD module mod_fsync
 proftpd-mod-geoip - Versatile, virtual-hosting FTP daemon - GeoIP module
 proftpd-mod-ldap - Versatile, virtual-hosting FTP daemon - LDAP module
 proftpd-mod-msg - ProFTPD module mod_msg
 proftpd-mod-mysql - Versatile, virtual-hosting FTP daemon - MySQL module
 proftpd-mod-odbc - Versatile, virtual-hosting FTP daemon - ODBC module
 proftpd-mod-pgsql - Versatile, virtual-hosting FTP daemon - PostgreSQL module
 proftpd-mod-sqlite - Versatile, virtual-hosting FTP daemon - SQLite3 module
 proftpd-mod-tar - ProFTPD module mod_tar
 proftpd-mod-vroot - ProFTPD module mod_vroot
 

To search out all of the packages beginning with proftpd with the next command:

apt-cache pkgnames proftpd

It is best to see the next output:

apt-cache pkgnames proftpd
 proftpd-mod-dnsbl
 proftpd-mod-odbc
 proftpd-mod-pgsql
 proftpd-doc
 proftpd-mod-tar
 proftpd-mod-ldap
 proftpd-mod-case
 proftpd-mod-geoip
 proftpd-mod-mysql
 proftpd-basic
 proftpd-mod-vroot
 proftpd-mod-clamav
 proftpd-mod-autohost
 proftpd-mod-fsync
 proftpd-mod-sqlite
 proftpd-mod-msg
 proftpd-dev
 

You may examine the whole info of any package deal (nano) with the next command:

apt-cache present nano

Output:

Bundle: nano
 Precedence: commonplace
 Part: editors
 Put in-Measurement: 600
 Maintainer: Ubuntu Builders <[email protected]>
 Unique-Maintainer: Jordi Mallach <[email protected]>
 Structure: amd64
 Model: 2.2.6-1ubuntu1
 Replaces: pico
 Offers: editor
 Relies upon: libc6 (>= 2.14), libncursesw5 (>= 5.6+20070908), libtinfo5, dpkg (>= 1.15.4) | install-info
 Suggests: spell
 Conflicts: pico
 Breaks: alpine-pico (<= 2.00+dfsg-5)
 Filename: pool/major/n/nano/nano_2.2.6-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb
 Measurement: 194060
 MD5sum: c97dc062e9941bfe13b6b303cf8ed639
 SHA1: ee93fcfd1f2ecd601b0a8f8932319848043f4f0f
 SHA256: f20d8cca5c30b90ebf68301d126f86e473ac83e7d6fdc36f59bcd685c2eb4020
 Description-en: small, pleasant textual content editor impressed by Pico
  GNU nano is an easy-to-use textual content editor initially designed as a alternative
  for Pico, the ncurses-based editor from the non-free mailer package deal Pine
  (itself now out there beneath the Apache License as Alpine).
  .
  Nonetheless, nano additionally implements many options lacking in pico, together with:
   - characteristic toggles;
   - interactive search and change (with common expression assist);
   - go to line (and column) command;
   - auto-indentation and coloration syntax-highlighting;
   - filename tab-completion and assist for a number of buffers;
   - full internationalization assist.
 Description-md5: b7e1d8c3d831118724cfe8ea3996b595
 Homepage: http://www.nano-editor.org/
 Bugs: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug
 Origin: Ubuntu
 Supported: 5y
 Job: commonplace, kubuntu-active, kubuntu-active
 

To examine the dependencies of a particular package deal with the next command:

apt-cache showpkg htop

Output:

Bundle: htop
 Variations: 
 2.1.0-3 (/var/lib/apt/lists/archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_bionic_main_binary-amd64_Packages) (/var/lib/dpkg/standing)
  Description Language: 
                  File: /var/lib/apt/lists/archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_bionic_main_binary-amd64_Packages
                   MD5: 8eb5aa19b3c92a975dc78e2165f6688d
  Description Language: en
                  File: /var/lib/apt/lists/archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_bionic_main_i18n_Translation-en
                   MD5: 8eb5aa19b3c92a975dc78e2165f6688d
 
 
 Reverse Relies upon: 
   ubuntu-server,htop
   lubuntu-qt-desktop,htop
   lubuntu-gtk-desktop,htop
   lubuntu-desktop,htop
   util-vserver,htop
   ubuntu-benchmark-tools,htop
   lubuntu-qt-desktop,htop
   lubuntu-gtk-desktop,htop
   lubuntu-desktop,htop
   hollywood,htop
   freedombox-setup,htop
 Dependencies: 
 2.1.0-3 - libc6 (2 2.15) libncursesw5 (2 6) libtinfo5 (2 6) lsof (0 (null)) strace (0 (null)) 
 Offers: 
 2.1.0-3 - 
 Reverse Offers: 
 

To examine whether or not a package deal is put in or not and which repository it belongs to with the next command:

apt-cache coverage apache2

It is best to see the next output:

apache2:
   Put in: 2.4.29-1ubuntu4.5
   Candidate: 2.4.29-1ubuntu4.5
   Model desk:
  *** 2.4.29-1ubuntu4.5 500
         500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/major amd64 Packages
         100 /var/lib/dpkg/standing
      2.4.29-1ubuntu4.4 500
         500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/major amd64 Packages
      2.4.29-1ubuntu4 500
         500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/major amd64 Packages
 

APT Superior Utilization

You can too examine for damaged dependencies with the next command.

apt-get examine

It is best to see the next output:

Studying package deal lists... Performed
 Constructing dependency tree       
 Studying state info... Performed
 

To go looking and set up the construct dependencies for a package deal (right here vsftpd), use the next command:

apt-get build-dep vsftpd

It is best to see all of the dependencies required by vsftpd package deal within the following output:

Studying package deal lists... Performed
 Constructing dependency tree       
 Studying state info... Performed
 Word, choosing 'libcap-dev' as an alternative of 'libcap2-dev'
 The next NEW packages can be put in:
   debhelper dh-apparmor dh-apport libcap-dev libpam0g-dev po-debconf
 The next packages can be upgraded:
   libpam0g
 1 upgraded, 6 newly put in, Zero to take away and 595 not upgraded.
 1 not totally put in or eliminated.
 Have to get 1,020 kB of archives.
 After this operation, 2,238 kB of further disk house can be used.
 Do you need to proceed? [Y/n] 
 

To obtain the supply code of any package deal, unpack and compile a package deal by operating the next command:

apt-get --compile supply htop

It is best to see the next output:

Studying package deal lists... Performed
 NOTICE: 'htop' packaging is maintained within the 'Git' model management system at:
 https://salsa.debian.org/debian/htop.git
 Please use:
 git clone https://salsa.debian.org/debian/htop.git
 to retrieve the most recent (presumably unreleased) updates to the package deal.
 Have to get 314 kB of supply archives.
 Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/major htop 2.1.0-3 (dsc) [1,961 B]
 Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/major htop 2.1.0-3 (tar) [303 kB]                                                                        
 Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/major htop 2.1.0-3 (diff) [8,824 B]                                                                      
 Fetched 314 kB in 35s (8,877 B/s)                                                                                                                     
 dpkg-source: data: extracting htop in htop-2.1.0
 dpkg-source: data: unpacking htop_2.1.0.orig.tar.gz
 dpkg-source: data: unpacking htop_2.1.0-3.debian.tar.xz
 dpkg-source: data: making use of 601-openvz-new-ctid-vpid.patch
 dpkg-source: data: making use of fix-small-terminals.patch
 dpkg-source: data: making use of fix-ldflags.patch
 dpkg-source: data: making use of fix-isalnum-crash.patch
 dpkg-buildpackage: data: supply package deal htop
 dpkg-buildpackage: data: supply model 2.1.0-3
 dpkg-buildpackage: data: supply distribution unstable
 dpkg-buildpackage: data: supply modified by Graham Inggs <[email protected]>
 dpkg-buildpackage: data: host structure amd64
 

To examine the model of APT with the next command:

apt-get -v

Output:

apt 1.6.1 (amd64)
 Supported modules:
 *Ver: Customary .deb
 *Pkg:  Debian dpkg interface (Precedence 30)
  Pkg:  Debian APT solver interface (Precedence -1000)
  Pkg:  Debian APT planner interface (Precedence -1000)
  S.L: 'deb' Debian binary tree
  S.L: 'deb-src' Debian supply tree
  Idx: Debian Supply Index
  Idx: Debian Bundle Index
  Idx: Debian Translation Index
  Idx: Debian dpkg standing file
  Idx: Debian deb file
  Idx: Debian dsc file
  Idx: Debian management file
  Idx: EDSP situation file
  Idx: EIPP situation file
 

You may listing all of the out there choices with APT by operating the next command:

apt-get -h

Output:

apt 1.6.1 (amd64)
 Utilization: apt-get [options] command
        apt-get [options] set up|take away pkg1 [pkg2 ...]
        apt-get [options] supply pkg1 [pkg2 ...]
 
 apt-get is a command line interface for retrieval of packages
 and details about them from authenticated sources and
 for set up, improve and removing of packages collectively
 with their dependencies.
 
 Most used instructions:
   replace - Retrieve new lists of packages
   improve - Carry out an improve
   set up - Set up new packages (pkg is libc6 not libc6.deb)
   take away - Take away packages
   purge - Take away packages and config information
   autoremove - Take away routinely all unused packages
   dist-upgrade - Distribution improve, see apt-get(8)
   dselect-upgrade - Observe dselect choices
   build-dep - Configure build-dependencies for supply packages
   clear - Erase downloaded archive information
   autoclean - Erase outdated downloaded archive information
   examine - Confirm that there are not any damaged dependencies
   supply - Obtain supply archives
   obtain - Obtain the binary package deal into the present listing
   changelog - Obtain and show the changelog for the given package deal
 
 See apt-get(8) for extra details about the out there instructions.
 Configuration choices and syntax is detailed in apt.conf(5).
 Details about how one can configure sources might be present in sources.listing(5).
 Bundle and model decisions might be expressed through apt_preferences(5).
 Safety particulars can be found in apt-secure(8).
                                         This APT has Tremendous Cow Powers.
 

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